生成式AI的法律风险及应对Legal Risks and Responses to Generative AI
何煊
摘要(Abstract):
随着生成式AI应用在多个领域的兴起,在为经济发展、科技进步注入活力的同时,也存在侵害用户权益、损害公共利益的可能。为消弭技术可能带来的多维度风险,监管需求与日俱增。生成式AI模型与AI系统既存在区别又彼此联系,共同在特定场景下发挥作用,构成对生成式AI规制的逻辑起点。以《AI法案》为代表的欧盟立法具有一定的前瞻性,却也在如风险分级、生成内容审核等多方面存在问题,需要持续完善。生成式AI非普通产品,考虑其动态性与场景化的特征,应当采取具有针对性的规制措施。我国立法可适当吸取有益经验,在价值链主体合作机制构建与平台生成内容审核方面予以创新,提高生成式AI规制的有效性。
关键词(KeyWords): 生成式AI;法律风险;《AI法案》;价值链;平台;内容审核
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 何煊
DOI: 10.14084/j.cnki.cn62-1185/c.2023.04.008
参考文献(References):
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- (1)参见《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定》第23条。 (2)See Article 3 AI Act. (3)See European Parliament:General Product Safety Directive(2021). (4)该文详细介绍了加密水印的定义及作用机理,其被认为能够有效维护数据、隐私与个人信息安全。“How The ChatGPT Watermark Works And Why It Could Be Defeated”Search Engine Journal,2023-04-28,https://www.searchenginejournal.com/chatgpt-watermark/475366/. (5)See Article 3(g)(iii) DSA. (6)See Annexes II Section A.No.12,13 and III No.3-5 AI Act. (7)See Article 2(8) AI Act. (8)See Article (5) AI Act:Providers of general purpose AI systems shall cooperate with and provide the necessary information to other providers intending to put into service or place such systems on the Union market as high-risk AI systems or as components of high-risk AI systems,with a view to enabling the latter to comply with their obligations under this Regulation. (9)See Article 70(1) AI Act. (10)See Article 11,Annex IV AI Act. (11)See Article 11,DSA.